Ethylene oxide concentration profiles for t values of 10 bottom, 20, 40 and 80 top 7. The molar ratio of oxygen to ethylene at the reactor ethylene should be 6. It is intended to provide general information to persons who may handle or store ethylene oxide. Chlorohydrin process co2 removal reactor products are sprayed with water in the eo absorber 60c gases passes out the top of the eo absorber to co2 absorber aqueous potassium carbonate reacts with co2 in the co2 absorber co2 stripper is heated to 120c, potassium bicarbonate. The primary use for ethylene oxide is in the manufacture of derivatives such as ethylene glycol, surfactants and ethanolamines. The diagram shows the production of ethylene oxide via direct oxidation of ethylene caption oxidation. Initially, fresh ethylene, methane makeup and oxygen are mixed with recycle gas recovered downstream.
Ethylene oxide the chemical industrys defense of cancer. Procedures for ethylene oxide eto spills and ethylene oxide disposal. After the gaseous stream from the main reactor, containing ethylene oxide 12% and co 2 5%, is cooled, it is then passed to the ethylene oxide scrubber. Preventing thermal runaway reaction of ethylene oxidation. The ethylene oxide product stewardship guidance manual was prepared by the american chemistry councils ethylene oxideethylene glycols panel panel. Tubular reactors combine chemical reaction engineering and heat transport phenomena 1. A simulation model of a reactor for ethylene oxide production. The model of catalytic reactor of ethylene glycol production. In the process, the molar water to ethylene ratio entering the reactor is 5 and the reaction proceeds with 90% conversion of the entering ethylene oxide.
In 1963 modo started a production of ethylene oxide based on direct oxidation from ethylene in stenungsund, sweden. Side reactions are relatively low due to the choice of the reactor. Ethylene oxide reactors offered by gohel chemical engineering industries, a leading supplier of chemical reactors in ahmedabad, gujarat. Fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and thermodynamics design. Highlights best reactor concept for the maximization of ethylene oxide selectivity is derived. Determination of the tube diameter for an kltnlene oxide reactor in part il a model has been derived for the design and operation of multiple reactions of the parallel type in a cooled tubular reactor. Ethylene oxide occupational safety and health administration. Making eo more earth friendly behind the scenes live. The recycle gas is then reloaded with oxygen and ethylene and returned to the reactor.
When the reactor effluent comes out the reactor, you are going to get eo as your product, a large amount of unreacted ethylene, some co2 and water as side reaction products, and inert argon. Department of health and human services dhhs, national institute for occupational safety and health niosh publication no. Design criteria for external and internal heat and mass transfer are considered. A crosslinked styrenedivinylbenzene anionexchange resin in the hco 3co 3 2form was used as a catalyst. Pdf modelling and optimisation of an industrial ethylene oxide. It is desired to produce 200 million pounds per year of ethylene glycol. Ethylene oxide is usually stored andor transported as a liquid under pressure.
Mainly two reactions occur, partial oxidation of ethylene to ethylene. Ethylene oxide eo ethylene oxide is a colorless gas at 25 c and is a mobile liquid at 0 c viscosity of liquid ethylene oxide at 0 c is about 5. Eo is normally produced by reacting ethylene and oxygen over an a alumina catalyst at tem peratures above 220c. Ethylene oxide is produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene. The gas has a characteristic sweet odor of ether, noticeable when its concentration in air exceeds 500 ppm. Modeling and simulation of an industrial ethylene oxide. This commercial process is typically run with an excess of water 12 to 20 mol watermol propylene oxide to maximize the production of the monopropylene glycol 53.
The third reactor would be used for emergency operation or during catalyst replacement. Dow ethylene oxide eo is a colorless, flammable, reactive material with a somewhat sweet, etherlike odor. Most ethylene oxide is used at the production site to produce ethylene glycols, glycol ethers, and ethanolamines. Physical properties of ethylene oxide at various temperatures 3, 24 temperature c. Us20090234144a1 reactor system and process for the. Solubility of gases in ethylene oxide henry constants in mpa 22, 23 temperature, c solubility in ethylene oxide nitrogen argon methane ethane 0 284 169 62. The mixture is heated by heat exchange with reactor effluent and fed to a multi tubular catalytic reactor.
Two of the three reactors would be maintained at all times at the following specifications. In the production of ethylene oxide, ethylene and oxygen reacts over a silver. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition. Request pdf analysis and optimal design of an ethylene oxide reactor in this work. Ethylene oxide explosion at sterigenics, ontario, california. Design methodology is suited to derive classical and innovative reaction concepts. Introduction the worldwide production of ethylene oxide eo currently exceeds 20 mm tyr. The deactivation and swelling of the catalyst during the process were detected. This model will now be applied to the ethylene oxide reactor.
The ethylene oxide hydration process in a catalytic fixed bed tube reactor was studied. Ethylene oxide is important or critical to the production of detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanol amines. The ethylene oxide is thermally hydrolyzed to ethylene glycol with out any catalyst presence. In the present work, a onedimensional heterogeneous model was used for dynamic simulation of an industrial fixedbed catalytic ethylene oxide eo reactor in the presence of longterm catalyst deactivation. Here, water is used as the scrubbing media which scrubs away majority of ethylene oxide along with some amounts of co 2, n 2, ch 2 ch 2, ch 4 and aldehydes. It is not intended to serve as a substitute for indepth training or. In addition, the effect of inlet gas velocity on eo. Analysis and optimal design of an ethylene oxide reactor request. The reactants gaseous ethylene oxide and liquid water enter the reactor at 80. Ethylene oxide market global key producers, chain, size, consumption, upstream, downstream and growth rate 2. Ethylene oxide process part ii chemical and biomolecular. In the early 1960th the production of ethylene oxide based from ethanol and chlorohydrin was not considered cost effective. Co2 utilization in the production of ethylene oxide.
Extensive information on the early developments of the chlorohydrin and direct oxidation processes are reported in reference 98. Design and optimize ethylene oxide production plant. Manufacture ethylene oxide has been produced commercially by two basic routes. Propylene oxide reacts with water to produce propylene glycol 57556, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and higher molecular weight polyglycols. As a part of the chemical industrys responsible management of its products, the ethylene oxide panel ethylene oxide safety task group stg, a group comprised of producers and industrial users, developed the ethylene oxide product stewardship manual 3rd edition. An experimental study of the selective oxidation of ethene in a wall cooled tubular packed bed reactor.
An ethylene oxide technology being developed at the university of kansas center for environmentally beneficial catalysis eliminates the problem of carbon emissions from the production of ethylene. A reactor system for the epoxidation of ethylene, which reactor system comprises an elongated tube having an internal tube diameter of more than 40 mm, wherein contained is a catalyst bed of catalyst particles comprising silver and a promoter component deposited on a carrier, which promoter component comprises an element selected from rhenium, tungsten, molybdenum. Ethylene oxide, called oxirane by iupac, is an organic compound with the formula c 2 h 4 o. In this work, a recently proposed multilevel reactor design methodology peschel et al. Elements of chemical reaction rngineering 3rd fogler.
The annual capacity for the plant is 611millions lbyr, while the. Fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and thermodynamics design project production of ethylene oxide ethylene oxide is a chemical used to make ethylene glycol the primary ingredient in. The proposed reactor applies a cocurrent cooling strategy, which approximates the optimal temperature profile quite well, and distributed ethylene dosing via a membrane. The ethanol is then purified and sent to a fixed bed catalytic reactor train using aluminum oxide on gammaalumina. In order to determine the level of optimum ethylene dichloride edc, a multilayer perceptron mlp neural network was used. The total world production capacity of ethylene oxide in 1992 was about 9.
Membrane reactor with dosing ethylene and advanced cooling strategy is optimal. Ethylene oxide market global key producers, chain, size. These are mixed with recycle waters and pumped into the hydration reactor after being preheated by the exit product stream. In order to separate the product ethylene oxide from the unreacted ethylene and air, water, stream 6, is used to absorb the ethylene oxide prior to purification by distillation. The project is to design, and optimize ethylene oxide production plant with partial oxidization of oxygen using silver based catalyst. A 1 1b molft3 solution of ethylene oxide in water is fed to the reactor together with an equal volumetnc solution of water con taining 0.
Ethylene oxide eo is highly reactive, flammable and colorless gas at temperatures above 51. The main reaction is the formation of ethylene oxide from ethylene, with approximately 81% selectivity towards this reaction. The company was incorporated in 1980 and is registered with indiamart. Mar 05, 2007 ethylene oxide explosion at sterigenics, ontario, california. Ethylene oxide is an important ethylene based intermediary compound. Modelling an industrial ethylene oxide reactor sciencedirect. The direct oxidation technology, as the name implies, utilizes the catalytic oxidation of ethylene with oxygen over a silver based catalyst to yield ethylene oxide. Recent plant accidents involving ethylene oxide year country company cause 1987 switzerland sandoz external fire 1987 belgium bp external hot spot 1987 netherlands dow failure of heat exchanger 1989 belgium basf hairline crack, eo distillation column 1989 japan asahi denka eo leakage 1991 china lu shun reactor malfunction. Consider a singlepass process where ethylene oxide is combined with water to generate ethylene glycol. And a co2 recovery unit utilizing potassium carbonate. The effluent gases from the oxidation are cooled in the cooling zone by a fluid, which has been only slightly preheated and distributed uniformly in the distribution zone by. Two reactions for ethylene oxide production were considered for the reactor system, which can be seen in table 1.
Since 1937, when union carbide opened its first eo plant, partial oxidation of ethylene has been performed using the agbased. A reactor system for the epoxidation of ethylene, which reactor system comprises an elongated tube having an internal tube diameter of more than 40 mm, wherein contained is a catalyst bed of catalyst particles comprising silver and a promoter component deposited on a carrier, which promoter component comprises an element selected from rhenium, tungsten, molybdenum and chromium. In a process for the catalytic oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen to ethylene oxide in a fixed bed reactor wherein a supported silver catalyst is disposed in multiple tubes surrounded by a fluid which removes the exothermic heat of reaction and said tubes have a contiguous cooling gas cooling zone containing inert particles disposed downstream of said catalyst having a. Ethylene purification is achieved through the introduction of an entrainer, tri ethylene glycol, primarily to separate water from the mixture. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. The ratio of required water feed to ethylene oxide product is 100. In an ethylene oxide reactor, ethylene is partially oxidized over a silver catalyst to form ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide is a humanmade industrial chemical that is a key raw ingredient in the production of many industrial chemicals including ethylene glycol, which is used to make antifreeze and. Rate expressions for ethylene conversion to ethylene oxide and to carbon dioxide were obtained as follows. The mathematical model of the reactor with determined parameters adequately describing the rate. Nameplate ethylene oxide captive feed requirements are 80 percent of nameplate ethylene oxide production capacity. A process for the catalytic oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen to an ethylene oxide product in a fixed bed reactor wherein a catalyst is disposed in multiple tubes surrounded by a fluid which removes the exothermic heat of reaction, said process comprising providing a cooling zone downstream of said tubes within said reactor, by introducing a cooled recycle slipstream.
Production of ethylene oxide by suraj kansara on prezi. Us8043575b2 reactor system and process for the manufacture of. Process for ethylene oxide production shell oil company. Ethylene oxide production ethylene oxide is a raw material that is used industrially for making many consumer products as well as nonconsumer chemicals and intermediates. Modelling and optimisation of an industrial ethylene oxide reactor article pdf available in chemical product and process modeling 41 january 2009. Preventing thermal runaway reaction of ethylene oxidation via. A crosslinked styrenedivinylbenzene anionexchange resin in the hco3co32 form was used as a catalyst.
Methods of production ethylene oxide has been produced commercially by two basic routes. The annual capacity for the plant is 611millions lbyr, while the designed hourly production rate is 73k lbhry. The raw materials to a free standing glycol plant are refined ethylene oxide and pure water. Process flow diagram for ethylene oxide production. Improved performance is obtained in a multitube reactor for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide by providing a distribution zone for the coolant located downstream of the catalyst and a contiguous cooling zone. Production process overview ethylene oxide monoethylene glycol biomass to eo andor eg glycerincorn starch to meg coal to meg production economics introduction united states production economics europe production economics middle east production economics northeast asia production economics. Nov 11, 2010 ethylene oxide eo is highly reactive, flammable and colorless gas at temperatures above 51. One reason for this arrangement is the inherent reactivity between co 2 and ethylene oxide, which could lead to the formation of undesirable ethylene carbonate in a cofeed system. In a process for the catalytic oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen to ethylene oxide in a fixed bed reactor wherein a supported silver catalyst is disposed in multiple tubes surrounded by a fluid which removes the exothermic heat of reaction and said tubes have a contiguous cooling gas cooling zone containing inert particles disposed. A process for the catalytic oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen to an ethylene oxide product in a fixed bed reactor wherein a catalyst is disposed in multiple tubes surrounded by a fluid which removes the exothermic heat of reaction, said process comprising providing a cooling zone downstream of said tubes within said reactor, by. It is used in the production of ethylene glycol and other oxide derivatives such as glycol ethers. A reactor system for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. Abstract swedish this thesis has been performed in the ethylene oxide plant at akzo nobel in stenungsund.
Eo is an important chemical intermediate for the production of various chemical products, such as solvents, antifreeze, textiles, detergents, adhesives, polyurethane foam, and pharmaceuticals. This thesis has been performed in the ethylene oxide plant at akzo nobel in stenungsund. Preventing worker injuries and deaths from explosions in industrial ethylene oxide sterilization facilities revised edition. Modeling and simulation of an industrial ethylene oxide eo. The phenomenal growth in united states and world ethylene oxide production capacity since 1940 and. July 1, 2014 product uses1,4 ethylene is primarily used as a reactive monomer chemical building block make polyethylene and as an intermediate in the production of other organic compounds, such as ethylene dichloride and ethylene oxide. Analysis and optimal design of an ethylene oxide reactor. Modelling and optimisation of an industrial ethylene oxide. As a result of the current work, an improved reactor for the ethylene oxide production, which can also be referred to as optimal technical reactor, was designed. Safety and health topics ethylene oxide osha standards. Captive feed levels are approximately 90 percent of actual ethylene oxide production rates.
In the production of ethylene oxide, ethylene and oxygen reacts over a silver catalyst surface. Oilcooled reactor for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reactors gohel chemical engineering. The plant capacity is 2000 mtday of corn stover and will be located in sioux city, iowa. A dynamic model of an industrial packedbed multitubular reactor was developed to investigate performance of an industrial ethylene oxide eo reactor, conducting epoxidation of ethylene over a silverbased catalyst.
684 489 719 505 1110 1166 555 1044 891 1098 765 1479 471 1552 1109 1432 124 635 215 1101 462 779 1225 1233 1043 797 367 222 594 1342 1048 248 830 1172 1288 105 883 89 1155 594